{"id":14027,"date":"2025-04-25T01:27:21","date_gmt":"2025-04-25T01:27:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scienceweb.clemson.edu\/uacl-new\/?p=14027"},"modified":"2025-05-24T15:37:08","modified_gmt":"2025-05-24T15:37:08","slug":"reu-project-02","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scienceweb.clemson.edu\/uacl\/reu-project-02\/","title":{"rendered":"X-panded polyiodides and DES"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"14027\" class=\"elementor elementor-14027\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f69474 e-flex e-con-boxed mk-enable-fade-animation-none mk-sticky-column-false mk-sticky-column-disable-tablet e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8f69474\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;mk-animation-effect&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;mk_ext_is_sticky&quot;:&quot;false&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2cc622 e-con-full e-flex mk-enable-fade-animation-none mk-sticky-column-false mk-sticky-column-disable-tablet e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e2cc622\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;mk-animation-effect&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;mk_ext_is_sticky&quot;:&quot;false&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc65d3d mk-enable-fade-animation-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cc65d3d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;mk-animation-effect&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;mk_ext_is_infinite&quot;:&quot;false&quot;,&quot;mk_ext_is_scrollme&quot;:&quot;false&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"991\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/scienceweb.clemson.edu\/uacl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2025\/04\/REU_project_02-991x1024.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-14101\" alt=\"REU project 02\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scienceweb.clemson.edu\/uacl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2025\/04\/REU_project_02-991x1024.png 991w, https:\/\/scienceweb.clemson.edu\/uacl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2025\/04\/REU_project_02-290x300.png 290w, https:\/\/scienceweb.clemson.edu\/uacl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2025\/04\/REU_project_02-768x794.png 768w, https:\/\/scienceweb.clemson.edu\/uacl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2025\/04\/REU_project_02-1486x1536.png 1486w, https:\/\/scienceweb.clemson.edu\/uacl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2025\/04\/REU_project_02-1981x2048.png 1981w, https:\/\/scienceweb.clemson.edu\/uacl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2025\/04\/REU_project_02.png 2012w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 991px) 100vw, 991px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6595d03 e-con-full e-flex mk-enable-fade-animation-none mk-sticky-column-false mk-sticky-column-disable-tablet e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6595d03\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;mk-animation-effect&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;mk_ext_is_sticky&quot;:&quot;false&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-feeec82 mk-enable-fade-animation-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"feeec82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;mk-animation-effect&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;mk_ext_is_infinite&quot;:&quot;false&quot;,&quot;mk_ext_is_scrollme&quot;:&quot;false&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">While most DES are formed by hydrogen bonding,\u00a0Pennington\u2019s group recently observed that grinding 1,3-dithiane with 1,2-F<sub>4<\/sub>DIB resulted in the formation of the first reported DES formed by halogen bonding (XB). This strong and highly directional interaction can be exploited to develop supramolecular synthons for rational crystal design and materials development. While these XB interactions are very similar to H-bonds, they have several significant advantages, including a higher degree of directionality due to the localization of the electrophilic site, which is exactly opposite to the covalent bond to the halogen atom. The strength of the interaction is easily tunable by varying the halogen atom (I&gt;Br&gt;Cl&gt;&gt;&gt;F) and through modification of the electron-withdrawing ability of the moiety to which the halogen is bonded. X-bond donor sites are typically more hydrophobic than H-bond donor sites, and the addition of fluorine to the X-bond donor molecule, which is used to increase interaction strength, further increases its hydrophobicity. Recently, we have developed a new class of compounds, \u201cX-panded polyiodides\u201d,\u00a0in which an iodide or triiodide anion serves as an XB-acceptor to organoiodine XB-donors.\u00a0With variations of the cation and the organoiodine molecules, the interaction strength and associated lattice energy of these systems are essentially infinitely tunable. In cataloging the cocrystals formed as a function of the components, we have observed the formation of liquid phases with great promise as hydrophilic ionic DESs. Preliminary results revealed that some combinations form cocrystals (short-chain cations) and others form liquids (long-chain cations). Participants will further explore these compounds, generating solid-liquid phase diagrams using DSC\/TGA to determine eutectic formation and then compare their liquid local structure to those of related cocrystals, utilizing Raman spectroscopy and Extended X-ray absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS). Finally, the stability of these complexes will be determined as a function of water content and temperature to determine their utility as inert phases for the extraction of organic and inorganic analytes from aqueous environments, with applications such as removal of halogenated molecules such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) or perfluoro alkyl substances (PFAS) from water, a system that could be used towards research and remediation of Clemson\u2019s most extensive water reservoir, Lake Hartwell.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec15891 e-flex e-con-boxed mk-enable-fade-animation-none mk-sticky-column-false mk-sticky-column-disable-tablet e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ec15891\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;mk-animation-effect&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;mk_ext_is_sticky&quot;:&quot;false&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75d733f mk-enable-fade-animation-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"75d733f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;mk-animation-effect&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;mk_ext_is_infinite&quot;:&quot;false&quot;,&quot;mk_ext_is_scrollme&quot;:&quot;false&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a83640 e-flex e-con-boxed mk-enable-fade-animation-none mk-sticky-column-false mk-sticky-column-disable-tablet e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4a83640\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;mk-animation-effect&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;mk_ext_is_sticky&quot;:&quot;false&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-174748a e-con-full e-flex mk-enable-fade-animation-none mk-sticky-column-false mk-sticky-column-disable-tablet e-con e-child\" data-id=\"174748a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;mk-animation-effect&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;mk_ext_is_sticky&quot;:&quot;false&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f8c1bd mk-enable-fade-animation-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0f8c1bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;mk-animation-effect&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;mk_ext_is_infinite&quot;:&quot;false&quot;,&quot;mk_ext_is_scrollme&quot;:&quot;false&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com\/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTfzggvGYLqFI_FRQbAtxrl_eBd-eexJDE4Wg&#038;s\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c60088c e-con-full e-flex mk-enable-fade-animation-none mk-sticky-column-false mk-sticky-column-disable-tablet e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c60088c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;mk-animation-effect&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;mk_ext_is_sticky&quot;:&quot;false&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf7e094 mk-enable-fade-animation-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cf7e094\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;mk-animation-effect&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;mk_ext_is_infinite&quot;:&quot;false&quot;,&quot;mk_ext_is_scrollme&quot;:&quot;false&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Dr. Bill Pennington<br \/>Clemson University<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><a style=\"color: #000000\" href=\"https:\/\/www.clemson.edu\/science\/academics\/departments\/chemistry\/about\/profiles\/billp\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14115 lazyloaded\" title=\"icons8 website\" src=\"https:\/\/scienceweb.clemson.edu\/uacl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2025\/04\/icons8-website.gif\" alt=\"icons8 website\" width=\"50\" height=\"50\" data-src=\"https:\/\/scienceweb.clemson.edu\/uacl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2025\/04\/icons8-website.gif\" \/><\/a>\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000\" href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.de\/citations?user=U_sTdMkAAAAJ&amp;hl=ca\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14116 lazyloaded\" title=\"icons8 google scholar 50\" src=\"https:\/\/scienceweb.clemson.edu\/uacl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2025\/04\/icons8-google-scholar-50.png\" alt=\"icons8 google scholar 50\" width=\"50\" height=\"50\" data-src=\"https:\/\/scienceweb.clemson.edu\/uacl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2025\/04\/icons8-google-scholar-50.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scienceweb.clemson.edu\/uacl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2025\/04\/icons8-google-scholar-50.png 50w, https:\/\/scienceweb.clemson.edu\/uacl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2025\/04\/elementor\/thumbs\/icons8-google-scholar-50-r53orhp59nh1i1yl0nelevkoz1i2lwo3xev7el2dy6.png 35w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>While most DES are formed by hydrogen bonding,\u00a0Pennington\u2019s group recently observed that grinding 1,3-dithiane with 1,2-F4DIB resulted in the formation of the first reported DES formed by halogen bonding (XB). This strong and highly directional interaction can be exploited to develop supramolecular synthons for rational crystal design and materials development. While these XB interactions are very similar to H-bonds, they have several significant advantages, including a higher degree of directionality due to the localization of the electrophilic site, which is exactly opposite to the covalent bond to the halogen atom. The strength of the interaction is easily tunable by varying [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":14101,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[158],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14027","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-reu_03_projects"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>X-panded polyiodides and DES - Microanalytical Chemistry Lab<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/scienceweb.clemson.edu\/uacl\/reu-project-02\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"X-panded polyiodides and DES - Microanalytical Chemistry Lab\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"While most DES are formed by hydrogen bonding,\u00a0Pennington\u2019s group recently observed that grinding 1,3-dithiane with 1,2-F4DIB resulted in the formation of the first reported DES formed by halogen bonding (XB). This strong and highly directional interaction can be exploited to develop supramolecular synthons for rational crystal design and materials development. While these XB interactions are very similar to H-bonds, they have several significant advantages, including a higher degree of directionality due to the localization of the electrophilic site, which is exactly opposite to the covalent bond to the halogen atom. 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This strong and highly directional interaction can be exploited to develop supramolecular synthons for rational crystal design and materials development. While these XB interactions are very similar to H-bonds, they have several significant advantages, including a higher degree of directionality due to the localization of the electrophilic site, which is exactly opposite to the covalent bond to the halogen atom. The strength of the interaction is easily tunable by varying [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/scienceweb.clemson.edu\/uacl\/reu-project-02\/","og_site_name":"Microanalytical Chemistry Lab","article_published_time":"2025-04-25T01:27:21+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-05-24T15:37:08+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2012,"height":2080,"url":"https:\/\/scienceweb.clemson.edu\/uacl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2025\/04\/REU_project_02.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"CDG","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@MicroAnalytic11","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"CDG","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/scienceweb.clemson.edu\/uacl\/reu-project-02\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/scienceweb.clemson.edu\/uacl\/reu-project-02\/"},"author":{"name":"CDG","@id":"https:\/\/scienceweb.clemson.edu\/uacl\/#\/schema\/person\/84db2eae9183261b17b2280646687289"},"headline":"X-panded polyiodides and DES","datePublished":"2025-04-25T01:27:21+00:00","dateModified":"2025-05-24T15:37:08+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/scienceweb.clemson.edu\/uacl\/reu-project-02\/"},"wordCount":374,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/scienceweb.clemson.edu\/uacl\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/scienceweb.clemson.edu\/uacl\/reu-project-02\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/scienceweb.clemson.edu\/uacl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2025\/04\/REU_project_02.png","articleSection":["REU_03_projects"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/scienceweb.clemson.edu\/uacl\/reu-project-02\/","url":"https:\/\/scienceweb.clemson.edu\/uacl\/reu-project-02\/","name":"X-panded polyiodides and DES - 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